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Alfred Rosenberg
Alfred Ernst Rosenberg (; (ロシア語:Альфред Вольдемарович Розенберг), ''Alfred Voldyemarovich Rozenberg''; 12 January 1893 – 16 October 1946) was a Baltic German philosopher and an influential ideologue of the Nazi Party. Rosenberg was first introduced to Adolf Hitler by Dietrich Eckart; he later held several important posts in the Nazi government. He is considered one of the main authors of key National Socialist ideological creeds, including its racial theory, persecution of the Jews, ''Lebensraum'', abrogation of the Treaty of Versailles, and opposition to degenerate modern art. He is known for his rejection of and hatred for Christianity, having played an important role in the development of German Nationalist Positive Christianity.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Alfred Rosenberg )〕 At Nuremberg he was sentenced to death and executed by hanging as a war criminal and for crimes against humanity.
==Early life==
Rosenberg was born on 12 January 1893 in Reval in the Russian Empire (today known as Tallinn, the capital of modern Estonia) to a family of Baltic Germans: his father, Waldemar Wilhelm Rosenberg, was a wealthy merchant from Latvia, his mother, Elfriede (née Siré), was from Estonia. (Tallinn archivist J. Rajandi claimed in the 1930s that Rosenberg's family had Estonian origins.)〔Jüri Remmelgas. ''Kolm kuuske''. Tallinn 2004, p. 50〕 According to the newest research, based on birth and death records from Estonian and Latvian parishes, Rosenberg's father Wilhelm was half-Estonian and half-Latvian in origin, and his mother Elfriede was German with an initially French background.〔Igor Barinov, ''Tabu i mify Tret'ego Reikha (Taboo and Myths of the Third Reich)'', p. 106. ISBN 9785945422896〕
The young Rosenberg graduated from the Petri-Realschule (currently Tallinna Reaalkool) in Reval and went on to study architecture at the Riga Polytechnical Institute and engineering at Moscow's Highest Technical School〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Der Nürnberger Prozeß, Hauptverhandlungen, Einhundertachter Tag. Montag, 15. April 1946, Nachmittagssitzung )〕
completing his PhD studies in 1917. During his stays at home in Reval, he attended the art studio of the famed painter Ants Laikmaa, but even though he showed promise, there are no records that he ever exhibited.〔:et:Alfred Rosenberg〕 During the Russian Revolution of 1917 Rosenberg supported the counter-revolutionaries; following their failure, he immigrated to Germany in 1918 along with Max Scheubner-Richter who served as something of a mentor to Rosenberg and to his ideology. Arriving in Munich, he contributed to Dietrich Eckart's publication, the ''Völkischer Beobachter'' (''Ethnic/Nationalist Observer''). By this time, he was both an antisemite – influenced by Houston Stewart Chamberlain's book ''The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century'' (one of the key proto-Nazi books of racial theory) – and an anti-bolshevik. Rosenberg became one of the earliest members of the German Workers' Party (later the National Socialist German Workers' Party, better known as the Nazi Party), joining in January 1919; Adolf Hitler did not join until September 1919. Rosenberg had also been a member of the Thule Society, with Eckart. After the ''Völkischer Beobachter'' became the Nazi party newspaper (December 1920), Rosenberg became its editor in 1923.〔Robert Cecil, ''The Myth of the Master Race: Alfred Rosenberg and Nazi Ideology'' p. 34. ISBN 0-396-06577-5〕 Rosenberg was a leading member of Aufbau Vereinigung, Reconstruction Organisation, a conspiratorial organisation of White Russian émigrés which had a critical influence on early Nazi policy.〔Kellogg 227–228〕
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